![]() The world is being burdened with excessive usage and indiscriminate dumping of plastic waste. Application of silicon, selenium, biochar, nanoparticles, and microoraginsms are proven to be emerging strategies for reducing the Sb toxicity. Studies on mitigation methods are quite important in order to produce food crops in a safe way. Inhibition of photosynthesis, modified root and leaf anatomy, activation of plant antioxidant system, or disruption of plant membrane system are some of the negative effects of Sb on plant growth and development. Its chemical speciation has an influence on its behavior in the environment and its ecotoxicity. Although most of Sb is stored in root tissues, a smaller quantity of this metalloid can be translocated to the shoot depending on the plant species, where it exerts a variety of deleterious effects. At increased concentration in edible plant parts or medicinal herbs it may pose health risks to humans and livestock. Despite of its non-essentiality, some plants can take up and accumulate Sb in relatively high concentrations in their organs. With increased anthropogenic inputs from mining and industrial activities, ore processing, vehicle emissions, and shooting activities, elevated Sb levels in the environment have become a growing concern. (Share link->) Īntimony (Sb) is a non-essential element for plants, animals, and humans. As a general conclusion, we can say that the samples can be intended for consumption by children and infants. The order of Cancer Risk values is as follows, Cd < Cr < Ni < Pb. ![]() The risk analysis shows that Hazard index values were included in Risk Class 1, with a very low hazard level. Excep iron, the values obtained for all other metals were below the limits imposed by the legislation in force. Based on the levels obtained, a health risk assessment was performed of the risk caused by their consumption, as well as an analysis of the quality of the samples. ![]() For this reason, the main objective of this study was quantification of 12 potentially toxic elements, including Ba, Co, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Li, Fe, Pb, Cd, Cr, Sb, by ICP-MS, from 19 samples of bottled baby water. Because their presence has been detected in baby food and baby drinking water, exposure to these elements is mainly due to ingestion. Potentially toxic elements are chemical pollutants which are dangerous to human health, especially for babies and children. ![]() There was no need for developing other types of water treatment systems such as bottled water and domestic water treatment systems for Shahroud water supply. Tap water supplied from the water supply resources in the city of Shahroud was found to be completely safe and posed no threat to consumer health. The quality of three water groups in the city of Shahroud was compared. In many cases, since bottled water is exposed to intense sunlight during the transport process, there could be a leakage of plastic monomers from the bottle wall into the water in hot or cold conditions, which can endanger consumer health. Regardless of the area in which the study was conducted, it was found that there was no need for developing other types of water treatment systems such as bottled water and domestic water treatment systems. There was no significant difference between the quality of bottled water and tap water, as well as bottled water and water available in water supply resources in the city of Shahroud. The results of the analysis showed that the measured parameters, except in minor cases, were of national and international standards. The physical, chemical and microbial quality of bottled water, tap water and water supplied from wells in the city of Shahroud was compared.
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